- As rainwater falls and passes through the air, it dissolves carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide mixes with the rainwater to form a weak carbonic acid.
- Limestone in the ground contains calcium carbonate. When the weak carbonic acid in the rainwater falls onto the limestone, a chemical reaction takes place.
- The calcium carbonate in the limestone begins to dissolve. This process is known as carbonation.
- Limestone is a permeable rock, which means that rainwater can easily pass through it. It has vertical cracks, which are known as joints, and horizontal bedding planes.
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JC Geography Process of carbonation
Process of carbonation
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