2017
NAME 2 REGIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND STATE THE NUMBER OF BONES FOUND IN EACH.
Cervical -7
Sacrum - 5
WHAT ARE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS MADE OF AND WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION?
Intervertebral discs are Cartilage found in between the bones of the vertebrae.
They act as shock absorbers, reduce friction and retains structural integrity.
NAME THE CELLS THAT BREAK TISSUE DOWN
Osteoclasts
NAME THE CELLS THAT BUILD BONE
Osteoblasts
GIVE 2 FACTORS WHICH CONTINUED RENEWAL OF THE BONE DEPENDS ON
Physical activity
Diet
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2016
LONG BONES CONTAIN BOTH YELLOW MARROW AND RED MARROW. GIVE A FUNCTION OF EACH TYPE
Yellow marrow stores fat
Red marrow makes blood cells
NAME TYPE OF JOINT SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM
Hinge joint
NAME THE STRUCTURE [ LABELLED A ] WHICH ATTACHES MUSCLE TO BONE
Tendons
EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEANT BY ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE PAIR
A pair of muscles that work in opposition to each other in order to produce movement. E.g biceps & triceps
THE DIAGRAM SHOWS THE MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF A LONG BONE
NAME A LONG BONE IN THE BODY
Femur
NAME PARTS X, Y, Z
X - Spongy bone
Y - Medullary cavity
Z- compact bone
STATE FUNCTION
Spongy bone- for strength and lightness
Medullary Cavity - makes yellow marrow, stores fat
Compact bone- Dense strong rigid layer
WHERE IS CARTILAGE FOUND IN THE LONG BONE
The surface on the head of the bone
STATE ONE ROLE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Prevents bone damage, reduces friction & acts as a shock absorber.
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2009
WHERE ARE THE DISCS IN THE HUMAN BACKBONE
Between the vertebrae
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2008
GIVE THREE ROLES OF THE SKELETON
Support - forms a solid framework inside - endoskeleton
Protection - protects vital organs. E.g skull protects the brain
Movement- the muscles pull on bones to allow movement
Production- red bone marrow makes red blood cells, platelets and monocytes
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2006
DRAW A DIAGRAM TO SHOW THE STRUCTURE OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT
EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF THREE PARTS YOU HAVE LABELLED
Ligament - joins bone to bone
Synovial fluid - reduces friction
Synovial membrane- secretes synovial fluid
NAME A DISORDER OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Arthritis
GIVE A POSSIBLE CAUSE AND A TREATMENT
Cause- wear and tear, infections of synovial membranes, ageing
Treatment- aspirin can reduce swelling, replacement of joints