Tetrahedral carbon compounds

In saturated organic compounds, all of the carbon atoms are tetrahedral.

Chloroalkanes

• A chloroalkane is an alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with chlorine atoms.
• Chloroform (

• ) is an example of a chloroalkane.
• Chloroalkane’s main uses:
  • For removing oil and grease marks from machinery and in dry cleaning of clothes.
  • Paint stripper.
  • Correcting fluid, e.g. Tippex.

Alcohols

• The alcohols form a homologous series of organic compounds, of general formula

• .
• The -OH group is called the hydroxyl group and is the functional group of alcohols.
  • A functional group... (More)

The Atom

• Dalton’s Atomic Theory: All matter is made up of indivisible atoms which cannot be created or destroyed.
• William Crookes discovered the Electron. Cathode ray tube.
• JJ Thomson determined that electrons were negative. Found E/M ratio.
• Robert Millikan’s Oil drop experiment discovered size of electron’s charge.
• Plum Pudding Model: Solid positive sphere with electrons embedded.
• Rutherford discovered the Nucleus. Fired alpha particles at gold foil. Proton.
• Chadwick discovered the neutron by firing alpha particles at beryllium.
• Energy level is the fixed energy value that an electron in an atom may have.
• Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that it is... (More)