Light

• Refraction is the bending of light as it goes from one medium to another.
  
• Laws of Refraction: (1) Incident ray, refracted ray & normal are on the same plane. (2) Sine I/Sine R is constant.
• Refractive Index: Sine I/Sine R = 1/Sin C = Real depth/Apparent depth = c1/c2
• Critical Angle: The angle whose angle of incidence is 90 when light goes from a denser to a rarer medium.
• Total Internal Reflection: When light travelling from a denser to a rarer medium strikes the second medium with an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle, it is reflected... (More)

v = u + at – velocity

ma – Force

Fd – Torque

mv – Momentum (p)

½mv² – Kinetic Energy

mgh – Potential Energy

Fs – Work

W/t – Power

kx – Force of Spring

1/f – Period (f=frequency)

Gmm/r² – Force of gravity between two masses

E/q – Force on charge by electric field

F/q – Electric field

W/Q – Potential difference

Q/V – Capacitance (C)

RA/l – Resistivity

IR – Potential Difference (V)

IV – Power (terms of voltage)

I²R – Power (terms of resistance)

R tot=R₁+R₂+R₃…. – Total Resistance (Series)

(1/R₁)+(1/R₂)+(1/R₃)+…=(1/Rtotal) – Total Resistance in Parallel... (More)

Displacement – is distance in a given direction.

Speed – is the rate of change of distance with respect to time.

Velocity – is the rate of change of Displacement with respect to time.

Acceleration – is the rate of change of Velocity with respect to time.

Scalar Quantity – is one which has magnitude only.

Vector Quantity – is one which has both magnitude and direction.

Force – is that which can cause an acceleration.

Newton – is that force which gives a mass of one kg an acceleration of 1 ms-2.

Friction – is a force which opposes... (More)

Coulomb’s Law – states that the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Electric Field Strength (E) – is the force per unit charge.

Potential Difference (p.d.) – between two point is the work done in bringing a charge of one Coulomb from one point to the other.

Volt – The potential difference between two points is one volt if one Joule of work is done when bringing a charge of one Coulomb from one point to another.

The potential at a point... (More)