The Atom

• Dalton’s Atomic Theory: All matter is made up of indivisible atoms which cannot be created or destroyed.
• William Crookes discovered the Electron. Cathode ray tube.
• JJ Thomson determined that electrons were negative. Found E/M ratio.
• Robert Millikan’s Oil drop experiment discovered size of electron’s charge.
• Plum Pudding Model: Solid positive sphere with electrons embedded.
• Rutherford discovered the Nucleus. Fired alpha particles at gold foil. Proton.
• Chadwick discovered the neutron by firing alpha particles at beryllium.
• Energy level is the fixed energy value that an electron in an atom may have.
• Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that it is... (More)

General Definitions

• Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds of Carbon.
• Hydrocarbons are carbons consisting of carbon and hydrogen only, bonded together covalently. They are used as fuel and feedstock for the chemical industry. Main Sources: Coal, Methane, Crude Oil.
• Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Homologous Series is defined as:

1. A series of compounds of uniform chemical type.
2. Showing gradations in physical properties.
3. Having a general formula for its members.
4. Each member having similar chemical properties & preparation.
5. Each member differing from the previous by a CH2 unit.... (More)